Regional features and structural characteristics of the shamanic tradition

Abstract

The structural elements of the institution of shamanism have been explored in the works of Sh. Ualikhanov, while its historical origins were studied by A. Baitursynov. Despite centuries of scholarly interest, various aspects and creative features of shamanic singing remain not fully understood. This study aims to examine the manifestations of the shamanic tradition across different peoples, ethnic tribes, and ancient cultures, as reflected in world literature and culture through diverse characteristics and terminology. To achieve this goal, the research draws on the works of D.K. Zelenin, G.V. Ksenofontov, A.V. Smolyak, E.D. Tursynov, B.
Abylkassymov, S.A. Kuzembay, and G.N. Kim. Based on their studies and opinions, and through comparative analysis in literary and cultural contexts, the authors conclude that shamanism was a highly respected art among all peoples. Traces of this ancient culture, widespread throughout the world, are still visible today; it has not disappeared from consciousness but continues to be revived. The main focus of this research is to explore the formation, similarities, and distinctions of shamanic t raditions among Turkic peoples. The study highlights the unique characteristics and multifaceted functions of shamanic art. Specific issues such as ritual sessions and kamlaniye (shamanic mystery rites) are examined, with attention to their particular features. The scientific significance of the study lies in its analysis of the methods and means by which the distinctive image of the shaman is conveyed across different folk cultures. Its practical significance is in fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of ancient cultural traditions and the practices of their bearers who have preserved them through generations. Based on the analysis of regional features of the
shamanic tradition, including forms of performance and ritual conduct among different peoples, a unified concept of ritual practice has been identified. This concept is dynamic in nature and reflects the mysterious character of folk beliefs. The study establishes numerous substantive and structural features of the institution А.Б. Сайлаухан, Ж.О. Мамбетов, А. Кенжеқожаева of shamanism among the Kazakhs, Yakuts, Nanais, Ulchi, Buryats, Tungus, and other peoples. By examining the intersection of multiple cultures and revealing the distinctive nature, structure, role, and significance of each, the study demonstrates that shamanism is a phenomenon shared across human culture. A key contribution of the research is its consistent emphasis on refuting negative stereotypes traditionally attributed to shamanic practice: the shaman is presented as a naturally gifted individual who fulfills a special role in public life. The practical relevance of the study lies in its comprehensive examination of the main categories
of shamanism, the substantiation of its role in the spiritual and social life of nomadic peoples, and its potential to serve as a reference point and methodological guide for future research in this field.