Comparative analysis of cognitive and communicative features of toponyms in English and Kazakh languages

Abstract

The article is dedicated to a comparative analysis of the cognitive and communicative features of vernacular toponyms in the English and Kazakh languages, with an emphasis on their key role in shaping spatial percep[1]tion and cultural identity. The aim of this research is to identify the cognitive and communicative characteris[1]tics of toponyms that influence the preservation of cultural heritage, the strengthening of ethnocultural identi[1]ty, and the formation of cognitive maps among language speakers in the context of globalization. To achieve this goal, comprehensive methods were employed, such as cognitive analysis, sociolinguistic approaches, his[1]torical-cultural research, and the analysis of vernacular content. The results of the study show that Kazakh toponyms, closely related to natural objects, mythology, and ethnocultural symbols, reflect the traditional nomadic way of life, nature-centered identity, and historical memory. This contributes to the formation of a strong connection with local culture and the strengthening of collective memory. In contrast, English topo[1]nyms emphasize symbolic meanings that reflect migration processes, colonial history, and social values such as freedom, equality, and development, indicating flexibility and adaptation to dynamic social changes. Fur[1]thermore, the analysis revealed that Kazakh toponyms play an important role in preserving cultural heritage, while English toponyms are oriented towards integration with global processes and the maintenance of ideals such as freedom and progress. The practical significance of the research lies in the application of its results for educational purposes, enhancing cultural literacy, and raising awareness of the significance of toponyms as elements of cultural heritage. The findings of the study may be useful in the context of developing intercul[1]tural dialogue, preserving cultural uniqueness, and formulating strategies for integrating cultural and histori[1]cal values in the context of globalization. Thus, the research underscores the importance of vernacular topo[1]nyms as key elements in shaping identity and cultural heritage. In a rapidly changing world, where globaliza[1]tion impacts local cultures, understanding and preserving these elements becomes particularly relevant.